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| leader_title = Secretary General | leader_name = Victor Tvircun | formation = 4 June 1992 | website = }} On 25 June 1992, the Heads of State and Government of eleven countries signed in Istanbul the Summit Declaration and the Bosporus Statement giving birth to the Black Sea Economic Cooperation (BSEC). It came into existence as a model of multilateral political and economic initiative aimed at fostering interaction and harmony among the Member States, as well as to ensure peace, stability and prosperity encouraging friendly and good-neighbourly relations in the Black Sea region. The BSEC Headquarters - the Permanent International Secretariat of the Organization of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation (BSEC PERMIS) - was established in March 1994 in Istanbul. With the entry into force of its Charter on 1 May 1999, BSEC acquired international legal identity and was transformed into a full-fledged regional economic organization: Organization of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation. With the accession of Serbia (then Serbia and Montenegro) in April 2004, the Organization’s Member States increased to twelve. An important aspect of the activities of BSEC is the development of SME and entrepreneurship in the member countries. Concerning these issues, a series of workshops have been organized in cooperation with Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung and ERENET.〔Antal Szabó (ed.), ''Emerging entrepreneurship and the policy development in the BSEC after the economic crises'', Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung, Ankara 2012, ISBN 978-975-7968-99-3〕 == Membership == Founding members are: * * * * * * * * * * * Later members: * As seen above, membership has not been restricted to countries which have access to the Black Sea: Albania, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Greece, Moldova, and Serbia (connected with the Danube river corridors) do ''not'' have a coastline on the Black Sea. Macedonia's application was vetoed by Greece after Turkey vetoed the previous application of the Republic of Cyprus, prompting Greece to cease to approve future applications from any country. Observer nations : * * * * * * * * * * * * * Observer organizations: * International Black Sea Club * Energy Charter Secretariat * Black Sea Commission * European Union Sectoral Dialogue Partner Countries: * * * * * * * * Sectoral Dialogue Partner organizations : * Black and Azov Seas Ports Association (BASPA) * Black Sea International Shipowners Association (BINSA) * Black Sea Region Association of Shipbuilders and Shiprepairers (BRASS) * Black Sea Universities Network BSUN * Union of Road Transport Association in the Black Sea Economic Cooperation Region (BSEC-URTA) * Conference of Peripheral Maritime Regions for Europe (CPMR) * Danube Commission * International Network for SMEs (INSME) 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Organization of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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